Abstract:On September 25, 1949, the central committee of CPC founded Xinjiang province after the peaceful liberation of the place. At this time, the situation in Xinjiang was not so optimistic. MAO Ze-dong and the central committee constantly enriched and perfected the theory concerning the autonomous regions and they put forward the principle of “cautious and stable transition”, which contributed a lot to the construction of Xinjiang. Meanwhile, they strengthened the training of politic-oriented personnel, which provided a lot of cadres of minority nationalities who became the brain force of overall development of that time and future. On October 1, 1955, the central committee of CPC successfully founded the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and hence strengthened the unity among various nationalities.