Abstract:In the evolution from the traditional public administration to the new public management, the two fundamental paradigms are oriented by the values of efficiency as the core, and take as the principle the performance assessment of“me- chanical efficiency” pursuing input and output. The new public administration and public service request that the government take the justice or public interest as the core value. They stress the governmental performance management which should pur- sue the“social efficiency” which enhances the social justice and maintains the public interest. This will promote the deep re- form of governmental performance management in setting of goals and indexes and the application of technological means, which is of great significance to the Chinese governmental performance management, especially the improvement of the assess- ment system.