Abstract:On the basis of an innovative evaluation system and by the combination of the principal component analysis and the quantitative analysis, our study finds that since the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy, the agricultural modernization in China keeps progressing at an accelerating speed and becomes a source of constant momentum for the national agricultural development. However, an unavoidable fact is that the irrational structure of agriculture has increasingly become an obstacle for further progress in the process of agricultural modernization.