Abstract:In combination with the mathematical learning theory a study is made on Yang Hui’s book, A Syllabus of Mathematics, finding that it contains principally four elements of learning theory: the achievement of knowledge transfer by the interactions between the “rules” and the “examples”; the realization of the long-term memory of knowledge by the elaboration processing; the conduction of thinking training by comprehension of the inverse operation; the realization of the rational development of mathematics knowledge by encouraging independent learner construction. Besides, a perfect combination of such elements of learning theory with the elements of curriculum and teaching theory can enhance our understanding of Yang Hui’s mathematical education thoughts.