Abstract:After the breakout of Anti-Japanese War, National Government moved to Sichuan which immediately became the centre of the country from a remote place in Southwest of China in the past. And the highway transportation was carried out around Sichuan. Therefore, the Sichuan highway transportation exceeded the scope of local affairs and exerted great influence on the whole situation of Anti-Japanese War. In terms of management system, the government liked to deal with the transportation issues with administrative means and military orders. In respect of operation management, they controlled the lines and prices strictly. And in aspect of vehicle management, the special cars are controlled, and they attempted to improve the efficiencies of the vehicles. As for the supervision of transportation, they tackled particularly the problems like forced riding and illegal taking of goods or passenger and tried to keep the fluent transportation during the war period. In terms of maintenance of vehicles, they made great effort to control the wastage of various vehicles and built a lot of accessory factors and garages all over Sichuan. The highway management in Anti-Japanese War showed the ability of economic management of National government in war time, and revealed the complex relations of various parties in Sichuan.