Abstract:The 18 ^thCPC National Congress proposed the strategy of construction of ecological civilization, which bears on overall situation of successful construction of well-off society and even the socialist course. To implement such strategy, we have to give some consideration to the following questions: is the construction of ecological civilization the internal requirement of the market economy or its attachment? Is it the scientific rationality or the moral demand? Does it show human conquest of adaptation to nature? These questions show the relationship between such construction and market economy, scientific rationality and moral, and between humans and nature. For such relationships, we used to talk about their unification, but neglect their opposition. The lack of the study of such opposition will lead to the failure to achieve the real unification and hence give guidance for our practice, to say nothing of persistence in such construction